Materials

Alloy Steels

A steel to which one or more alloying elements other than carbon and the commonly accepted amounts of manganese, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus have been deliberately added (e.g. chromium, nickel, molybdenum) to achieve a particular physical property.

Aluminum

Aluminum, a nonferrous metal, is an element, chiefly found in bauxite, that is used to create light, strong, and corrosion resistant alloys.

Carbon Steel

A steel whose properties are determined primarily by the amount of carbon present. Apart from iron and carbon, manganese up to 1.5% may be present as well as residual amounts of alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, etc. It is when one or more alloying elements are added in sufficient amount that it is classed as an alloy steel.

Hastelloy^®

Hastelloy B - An alloy having a nominal composition of nickel (Ni) 66.7%; iron (Fe) 5%; molybdenum (Mo) 28%; vanadium (V) 0.3%.
Hastelloy C - An alloy having a nominal composition of nickel (Ni) 59%; iron (Fe) 5%; molybdenum (Mo) 16%; tungsten (W) 4%; chromium (Cr) 16%.
Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Haynes International Nickel Co.

Inconel^®

An oxidation-resistant alloy, 80% Ni, 14% Cr, and 6% Fe. A registered trademark of the Inco family of companies.

Monel^®

A high nickel alloy, approximately 67% Ni, 28% Cu, the balance Fe, Mn, Si and other elements. Monel metal has good strength, and exhibits excellent resistance to sea water; to hydrofluoric, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids; and to most alkalis. A registered trademark of the Inco family of companies

Stainless Steels

A wide range of corrosion resisting steels containing a minimum 10% chromium and in which varying amounts of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium as well as other elements may be present.

Titanium

A nonferrous white metallic element, melting point 1660 °C (3020 °F), having a high strength-to-weight ratio; useful in aircraft parts. The most common form of titanium is 6AL/4V: 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium, and 90% pure titanium. This is a lightweight metal alloy that offers unsurpassed corrosion resistance of any metal. Titanium forms light, strong alloys that are highly resistant to corrosion and heat and is easily shaped in manufacturing processes.

Weld Processes

B, TB

Brazing - A group of welding processes in which a groove, fillet, lap, or flange joint is bonded by using a nonferrous filler metal having a melting point above 800 °F (427 °C), but below that of the base metals. Filler metal is distributed in the joint by capillary attraction. The most common form of brazing is Torch Brazing. This is a process in which bonding is produced by heating with a gas flame and bonding the metal parts together by fusing a layer of brass between the adjoining surfaces. A red heat is necessary and a flux is used to protect the metal from oxidation.

FCAW

Flux Cored Arc Welding - An arc welding process which melts and joins metals by heating them with an arc between a continuous, consumable electrode wire and the work. Shielding is obtained from a flux contained within the electrode core. Depending upon the type of flux-cored wire, added shielding may or may not be provided from externally supplied gas or gas mixture.

GMAW

Gas Metal Arc Welding - A welding process in which a piece of electrically charged wire being fed through a pistol grip type handle completes an electrical arc with the pieces being welded. The electrical arc provides the heat source and the advancing wire provides filler material for the weld bead. Simultaneously, inert gas flows through the end of the pistol grip type handle along with the wire. This inert gas floods a few square centimeters of work area to prevent the problems that can arise from oxidation. This welding process is used where deep penetration is necessary, speed in production is necessary, larger pieces are being joined, and the cosmetic appearance of the bead is of little concern. synonyms: wire feed welding, MIG welding

GTAW

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding - A welding process in which an electrical arc is struck at the tip of a tungsten stylus by completing an electrical circuit through the piece being welded and the stylus. Simultaneously, inert gas flows over the stylus and floods a few square centimeters of work area to prevent the problems that can arise from oxidation. While the electrical arc is being maintained as a heat source, filler rod is added to the weld bead area to join the two pieces of parent metal. One unique feature of this welding process is the use of a foot pedal to boost power to the electrical arc. This foot pedal is what makes it possible to weld highly heat conductive metals such as stainless steel and aluminum. This type of welding process is used where a neat clean weld bead is desired, where deep penetration is needed, where oxidation presents problems, where speed in production is necessary, or where robotics will be used. synonym: TIG welding (Tungsten Inert Gas), Heli-Arc

OAW

Oxyacetylene Welding - A welding process in which the required temperature is attained by flames obtained from the combustion of acetylene with oxygen.

PAC

Plasma Arc Cutting - An arc cutting process which severs metal by using a constricted arc to melt a small area of the work. This process can cut all metals that conduct electricity.

SAW

Submerged Arc Welding - A process by which metals are joined by an arc or arcs between a bare metal electrode or electrodes and the work. Shielding is supplied by a granular, fusible material usually brought to the work from a flux hopper. Filler metal comes from the electrode and sometimes from a second filler rod.

SMAW

Shielded Metal Arc Welding - An arc welding process which melts and joins metals by heating them with an arc, between a covered metal electrode and the work. Shielding gas is obtained from the electrode outer coating, often called flux. Filler metal is primarily obtained from the electrode core. synonym: Stick welding

Spot Welding

A process for joining steel sheets. The two parts are held between electrodes and the heat generated at the interface between the sheets causes local welding when pressure is applied.

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